Ferro chromium is produced by carbothermal reduction of iron-magnesium-chromium oxides at high temperatures. Iron-chromium alloy is produced by reducing chromium ore by using coal and coke. This reduction process requires heat from the furnace arc. The arc can generate a temperature of approximately 2800°C. It consumes a lot of electricity while generating such intense heat, which makes this a very expensive process.
Ferro chromium is collected from the furnace regularly. Once a large amount of iron-chromium alloy is produced in the furnace, the slag and molten metal are taken out of the tap hole, which passes through a trough and is collected on the ladle or cold iron. The molten ferrochrome is then solidified in large castings and then processed further. According to the carbon content, ferrochrome can be divided into two types including low-carbon ferrochrome and high-carbon ferrochrome.
Most of the ferro chromium produced worldwide is used to make stainless steel. The chromium content in stainless steel provides corrosion resistance and gives stainless steel its usual appearance. About 18% chromium is used per unit content of stainless steel. When more chromium needs to be added to carbon steel, ferrochromium is also used. High-carbon ferrochrome is used to make ball bearing steel, tool steel and other alloy steels. In addition to making stainless steel, low-carbon ferrochrome is also used to make acid-resistant steel. High-nitrogen ferrochrome is created by adding 0.75% of nitrogen to different grades of ferrochrome. This nitrogen-rich alloy is used to manufacture high-chromium cast steel with a coarse-grained structure. The nitrogen content produces refined grains and increases the strength of the finished product. Casting grade ferrochrome contains about 62-66% chromium and nearly 5% carbon, and is used to produce cast iron.
The powder of ferro chromium ntride is used in the field of powder metallurgy. Ferrochrome slag is a chemically stable substance. It is used in road construction and civil engineering and the production of refractory materials. Ferrochrome is used to produce ferrochrome lignosulfonate. Ferrochrome lignosulfonate is used in various water-based systems to control material flow at high temperatures and reduce the adverse effects of mud and clay contamination. Ferrochrome lignosulfonate works well in gypsum, fresh water, lime, and brine fluids. Ferrochrome powder is used in the leather tanning industry.
1. Accidental release measures. The leaked chemicals should be cleaned up immediately, and the leaked materials should be stored in suitable containers. It is best to moisten the spill, as this will prevent dust. The diffusion and diffusion of alloy dust should be avoided. The storage part needs to be equipped with proper ventilation devices.
2. Hidden fire hazards. Ferrochrome dust particles will explode and burn. Therefore, it is recommended not to have any open flames near the ferrochrome powder. It is also necessary to ban dust. When handling this chemical substance, it is necessary to use fireproof electrical equipment.